BENTUK-BENTUK WAKTU DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS (TENSES)
Ada
16 bentuk waktu dalam Bahasa Inggris yang biasa kita gunakan dalam
percakapan sehari-hari. Dibawah ini adalah tenses yang disusun
sedemikian rupa agar mudah dalam menghafalkannya.
- Simple Present Tense
- Present Continuous Tense
- Present Perfect Tense
- Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- Simple Past Tense
- Past Continuous Tense
- Simple Future Tense
- Future Continuous Tense
- Past Perfect Tense
- Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- Future Perfect Tense
- Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- Past Future Tense
- Past Future Continuous Tense
- Past Future Perfect Tense
- Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Untuk
pembahasan pertama, kita kupas tentang penggunaan simple present tense
yang paling sering kita gunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari.
1. Simple Present Tense
Simple present tense digunakan untuk:
- The sun shines brightly
- Untuk menyatakan kebiasaan harian atau aktivitas yang biasa kita lakukan sehari-hari
Contoh: - I usually eat rice for lunch
Penggunaanya
A. Kalimat Verbal (Kata Kerja)
FORMULA
| ||
Positive (+)
|
Negative (-)
|
Interrogative (?)
|
S+V1 +O+Comp/Adv
|
S+Do/Does+Not+
V1+O+Comp/Adv
|
Do/Does+S+V1+
O+Comp/Adv
|
(I, You, We, They)
Go to Library
|
(I, You, We, They)
Do Not go to library
|
Do (I, You, We, They)
Go to library?
|
(She, He, It)
eats lunch everyday
|
(She, He, It)
Does not eat lunch everyday
|
Does (She, He, It)
Eat lunch everyday?
|
Formula
Kalimat Positif
S + V1 + O + Comp/Adv
Ex: - We go to Bali
S V1 Adv
- We go to Bali every year
S V1 Adv
- Ann reads newspaper every morning
S V1 O Adv
Kalimat Negatif
S + do/does + Not + V1 + O + Comp/Adv
Ex: - We do not go to Bali
S V1 Adv
- We do not go to Bali every year
S V1 Adv
- Ann does not reads newspaper every morning
S V1 O Adv
Kalimat Interogatif (?)
do/does + S + V1 + O + Comp/Adv
Ex: - Do we go to Bali
? S V1 Adv
- does Anna reads newspaper every morning
? S V1 O Adv
Frequency of Adverb
Frequency
of adverbs (kata keterangan) digunakan untuk menunjukkan frekuensi dari
aktivitas harian atau kebiasaan yang dilakukan:
Frequency of adverbs
100% always
usually
often
sometimes
seldom
rarely
0% never
Adverbs of time
Adverbs of time digunakan untuk menyatakan seberapa sering atau pada waktu kapankah kegiatan tersebut dilakukan. Apakah setiap minggu, setiap tahun atau pada waktu-waktu tertentu.
- Everyday
- Every morning
- Every Saturday night
- Every year
- Etc
Examples:
- I usually eat breakfast
- Sometimes, I go to library on Sunday
- She often sleeps in class
- We go out of town every weekend
- We celebrate lebaran every year
Penambahan s/es pada kata kerja
Untuk orang pertama tunggal (She, He, It), pada kata kerjanya ditambah s/es, jika :
1.
Kata kerjanya berakhiran dengan bunyi desis (hising sound) seperti :
“s, sh, x, z, ch” dan kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan huruf “O”
eg: wash – washes go – goes
kiss – kisses watch – watches
fix – fixes buzz – buzzes
2.
Jika kata kerjanya diakhiri consonant “y” dan sebelum “y” juga
didahului oleh huruf consonant. Ganti “y” dengan “i”, kemudian tambah
“es’
eg: study – studies try – tries
apply – applies deny – denies
3. Selain dari ketentuan diatas, kata kerjanya cukup ditambah “s”
eg: plays – plays swim - swims
works – works read - reads
take – takes run – runs
Examples
1. She studies English every day
2. He watches movie every Saturday night
B. Kalimat Nominal (Selain kata kerja)
Formula
Formula
Kalimat Positif
S + to be + Adj/Adv/N
S + to be + Adj/Adv/N
Ex: - She is pretty
S to be Adj
- We are students
S to be N
- It is 9 o'clock
S tobe Adv (of time)
Kalimat Negatif
S + to be + not + adj/Adv/N
Ex : She is not pretty
S tobe (-) Adj
We are not students
S tobe (-) N
It is not 9 o'clock
S tobe (-) Adv
Kalimat Interrogatif (?)
to be + S + adj/Adv/N
Ex : Is she pretty?
tobe S Adj
Are we students?
tobe S N
Is it 9 o'clock?
tobe S Adv
to be continued
S to be N
- It is 9 o'clock
S tobe Adv (of time)
Kalimat Negatif
S + to be + not + adj/Adv/N
Ex : She is not pretty
S tobe (-) Adj
We are not students
S tobe (-) N
It is not 9 o'clock
S tobe (-) Adv
Kalimat Interrogatif (?)
to be + S + adj/Adv/N
Ex : Is she pretty?
tobe S Adj
Are we students?
tobe S N
Is it 9 o'clock?
tobe S Adv
to be continued
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