Present Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung saat pembicara menyatakan hal tsb atau untuk menjelaskan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada saat kita berbicara.
a. Kalimat Verbal
Formula : (+) S + to be + Ving + Object/Complement
Formula : (+) S + to be + Ving + Object/Complement
(-) S + to be + not + Ving + Object/Complement
S tobe V O
(-) Mother is not cooking in the kitchen now
(?) Are you studying Math in the class room?
b. Nominal Sentence
(?) Are you studying Math in the class room?
b. Nominal Sentence
S + to be + Being + Adj
Ex: - She is being polite to me
S to be Adj
Present Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah berlangsung ‘sempurna’ pada masa lampau.
a. Verbal Sentence
Formula : (+) S + has/have + V3 + Complement
Formula : (+) S + has/have + V3 + Complement
(-) S + has/have + not + V3 + Complement
(?) Has/have + S + V3 + Complement
Ex: (+) We have gone to Bali
S have V3 Adv of place
(-) I have not finished my homework
(?) Has Susie watched that movie?
b. Nominal Sentence
S + has/have + Been
Ex: - She has been in Surabaya since ‘99
S has been Adv
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present
Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah
berlangsung pada masa lampau sampai pada saat si pembicara menyatakan
hal tersebut / lama aktivitas berlangsung.
a. Verbal Sentence
Formula : (+) S + have/has + been + Ving + Complement
Formula : (+) S + have/has + been + Ving + Complement
(-) S + have/has + not + been + Ving + Complement
(?) Have/has + S + been + Ving + Complement
Ex: (+) We have been waiting since 3 o’clock
S have been Ving Adv
(-) She has not been living here since a month ago
(?) Has he been studying here since hours ago?
b. Nominal Sentence
S + has/have + Been + Being
Ex: - She has been being very busy since last week
Ex: - She has been being very busy since last week
S Adj
5. Simple Past Tense
Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian / aktivitas yang dimulai dan berakhir dimasa lampau. Adverb of time yang digunakan adalah yesterday, last night, months ago, etc.
a. Verbal Sentence
Formula : (+) S + V2 + Complement
(-) S + did not + V1 + Complement
(?) Did + S + V1 + Complement
Ex: (+) We went to Bali
Ex: (+) We went to Bali
S V2 Adv
(-) She did not know about that issue
(?) Did you read the news?
b. Nominal Sentence
S + was/were + Adj
Ex: - She was Busy
S was Adj
6. Past Continuous Tense
Past Continuous Tense digunakan untk menyatakan kejadian / aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau.
a. Verbal Sentence
Formula : (+) S + was/were + Ving + Complement
(-) S + was/were + not +Ving + Complement
(?) Was/were + S + Ving + Complement
Ex: (+) We were playing tennis, when you called
Ex: (+) We were playing tennis, when you called
S were Ving Adv
(-) We were not sleeping, when you came
(?) Was she studying?
b. Nominal Sentence
Ex: jarang digunakan
7. Simple Future Tense
Simple Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan /aktivitas yang akan dilakukan dimasa yang akan datang.
a. Verbal Sentence
Formula : (+) S + will/shall + V1 + Object/Complement
(-) S + will/shall + not + V1 + Object/Complement
(?) Will/shall + S + V1 + Object/Complement + ?
(-) S + will/shall + not + V1 + Object/Complement
(?) Will/shall + S + V1 + Object/Complement + ?
Ex: (+) We will go to Bali next week
S V1
(-) She will not come tomorrow
(?) Will you come tonight?
Penggunaan be going to adalah untuk menyatakan sesuatu / rencana yang pasti akan dilakukan (definite future activity).
Ex : - I’ m going to stay at home tonight
- We are going to go to the theatre
b. Nominal Sentence
S + shall/will + be
Ex: - I shall be busy tomorrow
S be Adj
8. Future Continuous Tense
Future Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan /
aktivitas yang akan sedang berlangsung dimasa yang akan datang.
a. Verbal Sentence
S + shall/will + Be + Ving
Ex: - I will be waiting tomorrow
S Ving Adv
b. Nominal Sentence
S + shall/will + Be + Being
Ex: jarang digunakan
9. Past Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah ‘sempurna’ terjadi dimasa lampau.
a. Verbal Sentence
S + had + V3 + Complement
Ex: - I had studied last week
S V3 Adv
b. Nominal Sentence
S + had + Been
Ex: - She had been very busy
S had been Adj
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah sedang berlangsung dimasa lampau
atau menyatakan aktivitas yang terjadi sebelum kejadian lain berlangsung
dimasa lampau
a. Verbal Sentence
S + had + Been + Ving
Ex: - Mother had been cooking when I came
S had been Ving
b. Nominal Sentence
S + had + Been + Being
Ex: - She had been being very busy since last week
S had been being Adj
11. Future Perfect Tense
Untuk menyatakan aktivitas / kejadian yang akan, telah berlangsung dimasa yang akan datang
a. Verbal Sentence
S + shall/will + have/has+ V3
Ex: - I shall have done my work
S V3
b. Nominal Sentence
S + shall/will + Be + Being
Ex: jarang digunakan
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Untuk menyatakan aktivitas / kejadian yang telah, sedang dan akan berlangsung dimasa yang akan datang.
a. Verbal Sentence
S + shall/will + have/has + been + Ving
Ex: - I shall have been teaching for 4 years by the end of this year
S Ving
b. Nominal Sentence
S + shall/will + have/has + Been + Being
Ex: jarang digunakan
13. Past Future Tense
Past Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas / kejadian yang akan terjadi dimasa lampau.
a. Verbal Sentence
- S + should/would + V1
- S + was/were going to + V1
Ex: - I should go to school if it wasn’t raining
S V1
b. Nominal Sentence
- S + should/would + Be
- S + was/were going to + be
Ex: - I should be busy
S should be Adj
14. Past Future Continuous Tense
Past Future Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan / aktivitas yang akan sedang berlangsung dimasa lampau.
a. Verbal Sentence
S + should/would + be + Ving
Ex: - I should be studying hard
S should be Ving
b. Nominal Sentence
S + should/would + Be + Being
Ex: jarang digunakan
15. Past Future Perfect Tense
Past Future Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan / aktivitas yang akan, telah berlangsung dimasa lampau.
a. Verbal Sentence
S + should/would + have/has + V3
Ex: - I should have passed the exam if I had studied hard
S should have V3
b. Nominal Sentence
S + should/would + have/has + Been + Adv/Adj
Ex: - They would have been rich, if they had saved their money
- I should have been here, if you had arrived
Used if : untuk kalimat pengandaian
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah, sedang dan akan berlangsung dimasa lampau.
a. Verbal Sentence
S + should/would + have/has + been + Ving
Ex: - I should have been teaching in the class
S should have been Ving Adv
b. Nominal Sentence
S + should/would + have/has + Been + Being
Ex: jarang digunakan
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